DEU:Englisch:toughies

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Name des Wortschatzes toughies
Sprache 1 tough
Sprache 2 Deutsch
Inhalt '
Kommentar
Fremdsprache / Sachgebiet Englisch
Sprache der Zielgruppe Deutsch
Quelle
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Abschnitt 1

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
many-splendoured full of magnificent features or marvels
~ ~ spring is a many-splendoured season
mock-up a model or replica of a machine or structure, used for instructional or experimental purposes
~ ~ a mock-up of a steam locomotive cab
tantamount to equivalent in seriousness to; virtually the same as
~ ~ the resignations were tantamount to an admission of guilt
hotchpotch {[in singular]} a confused mixture
~ ~ a hotchpotch of uncoordinated services
flask 1. a container for liquids // , 2. an extremely strong lead-lined container for transporting or storing radioactive nuclear waste
adherent/adherence (noun) someone who supports a particular party, person, or set of ideas
~ ~ he was a strong adherent of monetarism
adherent (adjective) sticking fast to an object or surface
~ ~ the eggs have thick sticky shells to which debris is often adherent
~ ~ any adherent sand grains are easily removed
lustre (noun), lustrous (adjective) a gentle sheen or soft glow
ardent very enthusiastic or passionate
insatiable impossible to satisfy
impetuous 1 acting or done quickly and without thought or care, 2 moving forcefully or rapidly
~ ~ 1 she might live to rue this impetuous decision
~ ~ 2 an impetuous but controlled flow of water
dour relentlessly severe, stern, or gloomy in manner or appearance
rash acting or done without careful consideration of the possible consequences
boisterous noisy, energetic, and cheerful
~ ~ a group of boisterous lads
curtail reduce in extent or quantity // , impose a restriction on
divulge make known (private or sensitive information)
~ ~ I am too much of a gentleman to divulge her age
alleged to state something as a fact but without giving proof
~ ~ the alleged conspirators
apprehensive anxious or fearful that something bad or unpleasant will happen
allusive using or containing suggestion rather than explicit mention
~ ~ allusive references to the body
~ ~ a highly allusive poet
countenance 1 a person’s face or facial expression, 2 {[mass noun]} support or approval
~ ~ 1 his impenetrable eyes and inscrutable countenance give little away
~ ~ 2 she was giving her specific countenance to the occasion
raconteur a person who tells anecdotes in a skilful and amusing way
misanthropic having or showing a dislike of other people; unsociable
~ ~ a misanthropic drunken loner
~ ~ with his misanthropic outlook, he was an ugly character
incisive 1(of a person or mental process) intelligently analytical and clear-thinking, 2(of an action) quick and direct
onus something that is one’s duty or responsibility
~ ~ the onus is on you to show that you have suffered loss
ubiquitous present, appearing, or found everywhere
~ ~ his ubiquitous influence was felt by all the family
~ ~ cowboy hats are ubiquitous among the male singers


Abschnitt 2

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
acquiesce accept something reluctantly but without protest
~ ~ Sara acquiesced in his decision
to coerce persuade (an unwilling person) to do something by using force or threats
~ ~ he was coerced into giving evidence
to condone accept (behaviour that is considered morally wrong or offensive)
~ ~ the college cannot condone any behaviour that involves illicit drugs
to congregate gather into a crowd or mass
~ ~ some 4,000 demonstrators had congregated at a border point
scathe harm; injure
~ ~ he was barely scathed
rectify 1 put right; correct
poignant evoking a keen sense of sadness or regret
~ ~ a poignant reminder of the passing of time
occupational hazard a risk accepted as a consequence of a particular occupation
~ ~ visual overload is a necessary occupational hazard of busy art critics
mischievous 1 causing or showing a fondness for causing trouble in a playful way, 2 (of an action or statement) causing or intended to cause harm or trouble
loot 1 private property taken from an enemy in war, 2 stolen money or valuables, 3 (informal) money
~ ~ the rooms were stuffed with the loot from Francis’s expeditions into Italy
insurgent a person fighting against a government or invading force; a rebel or revolutionary
~ ~ an attack by armed insurgents
indulge in 1 allow oneself to enjoy the pleasure of sth., 2 become involved in (an activity,_typically one that is undesirable or disapproved of)
to gallivant go around from one place to another in the pursuit of pleasure or entertainment
~ ~ she quit her job to go gallivanting around the globe
feat an achievement that requires great courage, skill, or strength
~ ~ the new printing presses were considerable feats of engineering
to endure 1 {[with object]} suffer (something painful or difficult) patiently, 2 {[no object]} remain in existence; last
~ ~ 1 it seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain
~ ~ 2 these cities have endured through time
to encompass 1 {[with object]} surround and have or hold within, 2 include comprehensively
~ ~ 1 this area of London encompasses Piccadilly to the north and St James’s Park to the south
~ ~ 2 no studies encompass all sectors of medical care
to digress leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing
~ ~ I have digressed a little from my original plan
to delineate 1 describe or portray (something) precisely, 2 indicate the exact position of (a border or boundary)
~ ~ 1 the law should delineate and prohibit behaviour which is socially abhorrent
~ ~ 2 his finger found a precisely outlined section delineated in red marker
hapless unfortunate
~ ~ the hapless victims of the disaster
abrasive 1 (of a substance or material) capable of polishing or cleaning a hard surface by rubbing or grinding, 2 showing little concern for the feelings of others; harsh
perilous full of danger or risk
sly having or showing a cunning and deceitful nature
~ ~ a sly, manipulative woman
cunning having or showing skill in achieving one’s ends by deceit or evasion, clever
~ ~ a cunning look came into his eyes
to assuage 1 make (an unpleasant feeling) less intense, 2 satisfy (an appetite or desire)
~ ~ 1 the letter assuaged the fears of most members
~ ~ 2 an opportunity occurred to assuage her desire for knowledge
lenient (of a punishment or person in authority) more merciful or tolerant than expected
~ ~ in the view of the Court the sentence was too lenient
~ ~ lenient magistrates


Abschnitt 3

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
to mesmerise capture the complete attention of (someone)
~ ~ they were mesmerized by his story
to leer look or gaze in a lascivious or unpleasant way
~ ~ bystanders were leering at the nude painting
lethargy a lack of energy and enthusiasm
~ ~ there was an air of lethargy about him
piecemeal done or happening gradually at different times and often in different ways, rather than carefully planned at the beginning
~ ~ the village is slowly being killed off by piecemeal development
~ ~ many organizations have been built up piecemeal
balmy characterized by pleasantly warm weather
~ ~ the balmy days of late summer
chaff worthless things; rubbish
~ ~ to seperate the wheat from the chaff
to culminate reach a climax or point of highest development
~ ~ weeks of violence culminated in the brutal murder of a magistrate
pasture 1 {[mass noun]} land covered with grass and other low plants suitable for grazing animals, especially cattle or sheep, 2 (pastures) used to refer to a person’s situation in life
profuse (especially of something offered or discharged) very plentiful; abundant
~ ~ I offered my profuse apologies
brink point at which something, typically something unwelcome, is about to happen
~ ~ the country was on the brink of a constitutional crisis
~ ~ the club has come close to the brink, surviving winding-up orders
graft bribery and other corrupt practices used to secure illicit advantages or gains in politics or business
rife with full of
exonerate someone from sth. release someone from (a duty or obligation)
~ ~ Pope Clement V exonerated the king from his oath to the barons
decree an official order that has the force of law
~ ~ the decree guaranteed freedom of assembly
amid surrounded by; in the middle of
~ ~ our dream home, set amid magnificent rolling countryside
embezzlement theft or misappropriation of funds placed in one’s trust or belonging to one’s employer
~ ~ charges of fraud and embezzlement
surge a sudden powerful forward or upward movement, especially by a crowd or by a natural force such as the tide
~ ~ crowd or by a natural force such as the tide:
thrust a sudden or violent lunge with a pointed weapon or a bodily part
~ ~ he drove the blade upwards with one powerful thrust
(in) vogue the prevailing fashion or style at a particular time
~ ~ the vogue is to make realistic films
~ ~ crochet garments are in vogue this season
to deem regard or consider in a specified way
~ ~ the event was deemed a great success
~ ~ the strike was deemed to be illegal
paucity the presence of something in only small or insufficient quantities or amounts
~ ~ a paucity of information
knee-jerk (of a response) automatic and unthinking
~ ~ a knee-jerk reaction
~ ~ knee-jerk radicals
to revamp give new and improved form, structure, or appearance to
~ ~ an attempt to revamp the museum’s image
~ ~ a revamped magazine
veil, (to unveil) a piece of fine material worn by women to protect or conceal the face
diminutive extremely or unusually small
~ ~ a diminutive figure dressed in black


Abschnitt 4

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
putative generally considered or reputed to be
~ ~ the putative father of her children
to emanate (from) 1 (of a feeling,_quality,_or sensation) issue or spread out from (a source), 2 originate from; be produced by
~ ~ warmth emanated from the fireplace
~ ~ she felt an undeniable charm emanating from him
~ ~ the proposals emanated from a committee
to foil prevent (something considered wrong or undesirable) from succeeding
~ ~ a brave policewoman foiled the armed robbery
to defer put off (an action or event) to a later time; postpone
~ ~ they deferred the decision until February
to fortify 1 provide (a place) with defensive works as protection against attack, 2 strengthen (someone) mentally or physically
~ ~ the whole town was heavily fortified
~ ~ the girl was fortified by her religious faith
to bicker argue about petty and trivial matters
~ ~ couples who bicker over who gets what from the divorce
disdain the feeling that someone or something is unworthy of one’s consideration or respect
~ ~ her upper lip curled in disdain
~ ~ an aristocratic disdain for manual labour
to maurad go 1 about in search of things to steal or people to attack, 2 {[with object]} raid and plunder (a place)
~ ~ 1 war parties crossed the river to maraud
~ ~ 2 rapacious bluefish marauded the crab pots
infringement 1 the action of breaking the terms of a law, agreement, etc.; violation, 2 the action of limiting or undermining something
~ ~ copyright infringement
~ ~ the infringement of the right to privacy
impediment a hindrance or obstruction in doing something
~ ~ a serious impediment to scientific progress
havoc widespread destruction
make amends compensate or make up for a wrongdoing
~ ~ try to make amends for the rude way you spoke to Lucy
to augment make (something) greater by adding to it; increase
~ ~ her secretarial work helped to augment her husband’s income
to eschew sth. deliberately avoid using; abstain from
~ ~ he appealed to the crowd to eschew violence
to overhaul sth. analyse and improve (a system)
frail (of a person) weak and delicate
~ ~ she looked frail and vulnerable
to tantalise torment or tease (someone) with the sight or promise of something that is unobtainable
~ ~ such ambitious questions have long tantalized the world’s best thinkers
Bronco a wild or half-tamed horse of the western US.
to reciprocate respond to (a gesture or action) by making a corresponding one
to render sth. 1 provide or give (a service,_help,_etc.), 2 cause to be or become; make
to admonish reprimand firmly, warn (someone) of something to be avoided, (er)mahnen
~ ~ she admonished me for appearing at breakfast unshaven
to exonerate absolve (someone) from blame for a fault or wrongdoing
~ ~ an inquiry exonerated those involved
pariah outcast
~ ~ they were treated as social pariahs
aptitude a natural ability to do something
~ ~ children with an aptitude for painting and drawing
to inundate overwhelm (someone) with things or people to be dealt with
~ ~ we’ve been inundated with complaints from listeners


Abschnitt 5

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
creed a system of religious belief; a faith
~ ~ people of many creeds and cultures
to collude come to a secret understanding; conspire
~ ~ the president accused his opponents of colluding with foreigners
to accentuate make more noticeable or prominent
~ ~ his jacket unfortunately accentuated his paunch
to recuperate sth recover or regain (something lost or taken)
~ ~ they will seek to recuperate the returns that go with investment
dextrous showing or having skill, especially with the hands
bleat (of a sheep,_goat,_or calf) make a characteristic weak, wavering cry
acutely XXX very; very strongly
eke something out make an amount or supply of something last longer by using or consuming it frugally
~ ~ the remains of yesterday’s stew could be eked out to make another meal
contraption a machine or device that appears strange or unnecessarily complicated, and often badly made or unsafe
~ ~ repairing stereos and making contraptions out of spare electronic bits
to deign do something that one considers to be beneath one’s dignity
~ ~ she did not deign to answer the maid’s question
hamartia a fatal flaw leading to the downfall of a tragic hero or heroine
~ ~ there’s supposed to be an action that reveals the protagonist’s hamartia
fraught causing or affected by anxiety or stress
~ ~ there was a fraught silence
~ ~ she sounded a bit fraught
to tenure someone give (someone) a permanent post, especially as a teacher or lecturer:
~ ~ I had recently been tenured and then promoted to full professor
tenuous very weak or slight
insurgent a person fighting against a government or invading force; a rebel or revolutionary
divergent tending to be different or develop in different directions:
~ ~ varieties of English can remain astonishingly divergent from one another
beraved be deprived of a close relation or friend through their death:
double entendre doppeldeutig
insipid lacking flavour; weak or tasteless // , lacking vigour or interest
repudiate sth. to refuse to accept something
~ ~ to refures to accept something
enmity a state or feeling of active opposition or hostility
disparaging expressing the opinion that something is of little worth; derogatory:
~ ~ disparaging remarks about council houses
ardent very enthusiastic or passionate
naught nothing
flamboyant (of a person or their behaviour) tending to attract attention because of their exuberance, confidence, and stylishness
~ ~ the band’s flamboyant lead singer


Abschnitt 6

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
crummy dirty, unpleasant, or of poor quality
unperturbed not perturbed or concerned
irksome irritating; annoying
saunter walk in a slow, relaxed manner
affront an action or remark that causes outrage or offence
~ ~ he took his son’s desertion as a personal affront
disquiet a feeling of worry or unease
zeal great energy or enthusiasm in pursuit of a cause or an objective:
~ ~ his zeal for privatization
~ ~ Laura brought a missionary zeal to her work
recalcitrant having an obstinately uncooperative attitude towards authority or discipline:
~ ~ a class of recalcitrant fifteen-year-olds
indolent wanting to avoid activity or exertion; lazy
to administer manage and be responsible for the running of (a business,_organization,_etc.), dispense or apply (a remedy or drug)
~ ~ each school was administered separately
~ ~ paramedic crews are capable of administering drugs
fraudulent obtained, done by, or involving deception, especially criminal deception
to concuss hit the head of (a person or animal), causing them to become temporarily unconscious or confused
baleful threatening harm; menacing
to alienate 1make (someone) feel isolated or estranged
scurvy a disease caused by a deficiency of vitamin C, characterized by swollen bleeding gums and the opening of previously healed wounds, which particularly affected poorly nourished sailors until the end of the 18th century:
palpable able to be touched or felt
~ ~ the palpable bump at the bridge of the nose
evoke 1bring or recall (a feeling,_memory,_or image) to the conscious mind
~ ~ the sight evoked pleasant memories of his childhood
insoluble 1impossible to solve
pedestal 1the base or support on which a statue, obelisk, or column is mounted:
relish great enjoyment
to proliferate increase rapidly in number; multiply
~ ~ the science fiction magazines which proliferated in the 1920s
to embolden give (someone) the courage or confidence to do something
~ ~ emboldened by the claret, he pressed his knee against hers
to decry publicly denounce
to render 1 provide or give (a service,_help,_etc.), 2 cause to be or become; make
constituency a group of voters in a specified area who elect a representative to a legislative body


Abschnitt 7

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
thud a dull, heavy sound, such as that made by an object falling to the ground
~ ~ my heart is thudding
to galvanize shock or excite (someone) into taking action
~ ~ the urgency of his voice galvanized them into action
awry away from the usual or expected course; amiss
~ ~ many youthful romances go awry
~ ~ I got the impression that something was awry
haze a state of mental confusion:
~ ~ an alcoholic haze
nefarious (typically of an action or activity) wicked or criminal
frenzy a state or period of uncontrolled excitement or wild behaviour
contemplative expressing or involving prolonged thought
~ ~ she regarded me with a contemplative eye
dwell on/upon think, speak, or write at length about (a particular subject,_especially one that is a source of unhappiness,_anxiety,_or dissatisfaction)
akin of similar character
~ ~ something akin to gratitude overwhelmed her
~ ~ genius and madness are akin
mother hen a person who sees to the needs of others, especially in a fussy or interfering way
threshold the magnitude or intensity that must be exceeded for a certain reaction, phenomenon, result, or condition to occur or be manifested
impeccable in accordance with the highest standards; faultless
strife angry or bitter disagreement over fundamental issues; conflict
prone (to do sth) 1. likely or liable to suffer from, do, or experience something unpleasant or regrettable
prone 2. lying flat, especially face downwards
hostile showing or feeling opposition or dislike; unfriendly
equanimity calmness and composure, especially in a difficult situation
galore in abundance
~ ~ there were prizes galore for everything
to revere feel deep respect or admiration for (something)
~ ~ Cézanne’s still lifes were revered by his contemporaries
constipation a high level of constraint or restriction
brimming be full to the point of overflowing
black ice a transparent coating of ice, especially on a road surface
purge of rid (someone) of an unwanted feeling, memory, or condition
~ ~ Bob had helped purge Martha of the terrible guilt that had haunted her
to startle sth. cause to feel sudden shock or alarm
composed having one’s feelings and expression under control; calm


Abschnitt 8

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
brisk active and energetic
~ ~ <!>a good brisk walk</!>
on a shoestring with a very small amount of money
egotistical egoistisch
appeal objection after trial, wanting to change the result
to traduce say things that are unpleasent/not true
rampant flourishing or spreading unchecked
slim pickens means a small amount of anything
nonchalant feeling or appearing casually calm and relaxed; not displaying anxiety, interest, or enthusiasm
to reconcile restore friendly relations between, settle
sully damage the purity or integrity of
~ ~ they were outraged that anyone should sully their good name
to press-gang forcibly enlist (someone) into service in the army or navy
time and tide wait for no man if you don’t make use of a favourable opportunity, you may never get the same chance again
restitution the restoration of something lost or stolen to its proper owner
pinnacle the most successful point; the culmination
to conglomerate gather together into a compact mass; mixed; accumulate
~ ~ atoms which conglomerate at the centre
blimp 1 a pompous, reactionary type of person // , 2 a small airship or barrage balloon
spiel an elaborate or glib speech or story, typically one used by a salesperson
abet encourage or assist (someone) to do something wrong, in particular to commit a crime
~ ~ he was not guilty of murder, but guilty of aiding and abetting others
eligible having the right to do or obtain something; satisfying the appropriate conditions
~ ~ having the right to do or obtain something; satisfying the appropriate conditions
insinuation an unpleasant hint or suggestion of something bad
fortitude courage in pain or adversity
~ ~ she endured her illness with great fortitude
belligerent unfriendly and aggressive;, hostile
ailing in poor health
~ ~ the ailing economy
wind chimes a decorative arrangement of small pieces of glass, metal, or shell suspended from a frame, typically hung near a door or window so as make a tinkling sound in the draught
to invert put upside down or in the opposite position, order, or arrangement
~ ~ invert the mousse on to a serving plate


Abschnitt 9

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
bravado a bold manner or a show of boldness intended to impress or intimidate
~ ~ he possesses none of the classic wheeler-dealer’s casual bravado
cordial warm and friendly
cradle a baby’s bed or cot, typically one mounted on rockers
to stride walk with long, decisive steps in a specified direction
~ ~ we are striding confidently towards the future
~ ~ he strode across the road
talk to you later see you on the flipside
propensity An inclination or natural tendency to behave in a particular way
~ ~ his propensity for violence
efficacy The ability to produce a desired or intended result
~ ~ there is little information on the efficacy of this treatment
teeter on the brink (or edge) Be very close to a difficult or dangerous situation
~ ~ the country teetered on the brink of civil war
inquisitive Having or showing an interest in learning things; curious
crowbar Brecheisen
to disembowel Cut open and remove the internal organs of
~ ~ the dinosaur used its claw to disembowel prey
groom Bräutigam
Glasgow smile is a wound caused by making small cuts on the corners of a victim's mouth, then beating or stabbing him or her until the muscles in the face contract, causing the cuts to extend up the cheeks to the victim's ears. This leaves a scar in the shape of a smile, hence the name
Colombian necktie, corbata colombiana victim's throat is slashed horizontally
to extenuate acting in mitigation to lessen the seriousness of guilt or an offence, abschwächen/beschönigen
quirky Having or characterized by peculiar or unexpected traits or aspects
~ ~ her sense of humour was decidedly quirky
to take the plunge es wagen, den Schritt tun, den Sprung wagen
abyss A deep or seemingly bottomless chasm
~ ~ a rope led down into the dark abyss
marksman A person skilled in shooting
cauldron Kessel
concoction A mixture of various ingredients or elements, Mischmasch
conglomerate A thing consisting of a number of different and distinct parts or items that are grouped together, A large corporation formed by the merging of separate and diverse firms
Atomausstieg nuclear phaseout
deference Polite submission and respect
~ ~ he addressed her with the deference due to age
contrivance invention


Abschnitt 10

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
envoy A messenger or representative, especially one on a diplomatic mission
immane and interwoven immens und verflechtet
~ ~ There is only one holistic system of systems, one vast and immane, interwoven, interacting, multi-variate, multi-national dominion of dollars
inexorable Impossible to stop or prevent
~ ~ The world is a college of corporations, inexorably determined by the immutable by-laws of business
cantankerous Bad-tempered, argumentative, and uncooperative
loathing A feeling of intense dislike or disgust; hatred
humour me To do something for someone, when it seems stupid, explain something, physically do something for specified person...etc..etc
barefaced showing that you do not care about offending sb or about behaving badly
heap untidy pile of something; a lot of sth
jacknapes a person who is rude in an annoying way
bereft completely lacking sth; having lost sth
exasperate and infuriate to annoy or irritate sb very much
throttle strangle
imprecation a curse
propriety moral and social behaviour that is considered to be correct and acceptable
excel to be very good at sth
enthral if sth enthrals you, it is so interesting, beautiful, etc. that you give it all your attention
deprave to make sb morally bad
lewd referring to sex in a rude and offensive way (obscene)
upbraid to criticise sb or speak angrily to them because you do not approve of sth that they have said or done
detriment the act of causing harm or damage; sth that causes h or d
sanctity the state of being very important and worth protecting
give/pay heed pay careful attention
sway to move slowly from side to side
enmity feelings of hatred towards sb
hearken to listen to sth


Abschnitt 11

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
scorn contempt
woe troubles and problems that sb has; misery
in vain without success
ere before
ostentation an exaggerated display of wealth, knowledge or skill
fey sensitive and rather mysterious or strange; not acting in a very practical way
don't you go on pity patrol bemitleide mich nicht
hole in the wall A small dingy bar,_shop,_or restaurant.
i will be there with bells on Enthusiastically
when push comes to shove When one must commit oneself to an action or decision
braindrain/braingain talentschwund durch auswanderung
beggers can't be choosers selbsterklärend
the straw that broke the camel's back tropfen, der das fass zum überlaufen bringt
going dutch jeder zahlt seine eigene rechnung
dreary that makes you feel sad; dull and not interesting
lethargy the state of not having any energy or enthusiasm for doing things
uncongenial (of a person) not pleasant or friendly
to slake something to satisfy a desire
tattered old and torn; in bad condition
to swoon (over sb) to feel very excited, emotional, etc. about somebody that you think is sexually attractive, so that you almost become unconscious
inchoation/incohation a beginning; early stage
temperamental having a tendency to become angry, excited or upset easily, and to behave in an unreasonable way
impudent rude; not showing respect for other people
devious behaving in a dishonest or indirect way, or tricking people, in order to get something
staple {[only before noun]} forming a basic, large or important part of something


Abschnitt 12

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
perpetrator a person who commits a crime or does something that is wrong or evil
row quarrel
cramped a cramped room, etc. does not have enough space for the people in it
to savour to enjoy the full taste or flavour of something, especially by eating or drinking it slowly
to pore over/scutinise examine
dusk the time of day when the light has almost gone, but it is not yet dark
to evict sb. from sth. to force somebody to leave a house or land, especially when you have the legal right to do so
conscientious taking care to do things carefully and correctly
sensible able to make good judgements based on reason and experience rather than emotion; practical
chide to criticize or blame somebody because they have done something wrong
to scold to speak angrily to somebody, especially a child, because they have done something wrong
invigorating <-->_enervating to make somebody feel healthy and full of energy <-->_weak and tired
failing a weakness or fault in somebody/something
opulent luxurious, wealthy (of people)
benign kind and gentle; not hurting anybody
malignant having or showing a strong desire to harm somebody
overt done in an open way and not secretly
haven Zufluchtsort
confounding confusing
arduous involving a lot of effort and energy, especially over a period of time
prospect the possibility that something will happen
trepidation great worry or fear about something unpleasant that may happen
~ ~ He knocked on the door with some trepidation.
superfluous more than you need or want, unnecessary
swings and roundabouts used to say that there are advantages and disadvantages whatever decision you make
to infer to reach an opinion or decide that something is true on the basis of information that is available;, (sth) to suggest indirectly that something is true
~ ~ It is reasonable to infer that the government knew about these deals.
~ ~ Are you inferring (that) I'm not capable of doing the job?


Abschnitt 13

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
fad something that people are interested in for only a short period of time, craze
integral being an essential part of something
affluence prosperity, wealth
bosom a woman's chest or breasts
temerity extremely confident behaviour that people are likely to consider rude
vantage a position from which you watch something; a point in time or a situation from which you consider something, especially the past
salvage the act of saving things that have been, or are likely to be, damaged or lost, especially in a disaster or an accident
rear the back part of something, bottom
in the throes of doing sth. in the middle of an activity, especially a difficult or complicated one
to enshrine to make a law, right, etc. respected or official, especially by stating it in an important written document
to abjure renounce, to promise publicly that you will give up or reject a belief or a way of behaving
unswerving strong and not changing or becoming weaker
abdicate to give up the position of being king or queen
dumbstruck/dumbfounded unable to speak because of surprise
to tarnish sth. 1. to spoil the good opinion people have of somebody/something, 2. if metal tarnishes or something tarnishes it, it no longer looks bright and shiny
weary very tired, especially after you have been working hard or doing something for a long time
quaint attractive in an unusual or old-fashioned way
petulant bad-tempered and unreasonable, especially because you cannot do or have what you want
flummery nonsense, especially praise that is silly or not sincere
defiance open refusal to obey somebody/something
diffident shy
affable pleasant, friendly and easy to talk to
lest 1. in order to prevent something from happening, 2. used to introduce the reason for the particular emotion mentioned
~ ~ Lest anyone should doubt my story, I have brought documents to attest to its truth.
~ ~ He gripped his brother's arm lest he be trampled by the mob
~ ~ She was afraid lest she had revealed too much.
to romp (+ adverb/preposition), romp home/to victory to play in a happy and noisy way, to easily win a race or competition
be somebody's pigeon to be somebody's responsibility or business


Abschnitt 14

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
to meddle (in/with something) interfere
to aggravate/exacerbate something / someone worsen / irritate
chav a young person, often without a high level of education, who follows a particular fashion
red herring falsche Spur/Fährte
haphazard with no particular order or plan; not organized well
to indict sb to officially charge somebody with a crime
leer (at somebody) to look or smile at somebody in an unpleasant way that shows an evil or sexual interest in them
to taper off to become gradually less in number, amount, degree, etc
keep up with the Joneses to try to have all the possessions and social achievements that your friends and neighbours have
to emulate sb (formal) to try to do something as well as somebody else because you admire them
~ ~ She hopes to emulate her sister's sporting achievements.
whimsical unusual and not serious in a way that is either amusing or annoying
~ ~ to have a whimsical sense of humour
~ ~ Much of his writing has a whimsical quality.
to redress something put right
to deplore something to strongly disapprove of something and criticize it, especially publicly
succinct expressed clearly and in a few words
pipe dream a hope or plan that is impossible to achieve or not practical
rag Lumpen, Fetzen
be in cahoots (with somebody) to be planning or doing something dishonest with somebody else, be in collusion
to do sth. on a whim etw. aus einer Laune heraus tun
shedload A large amount or number.
scapegoat sündenbock
to be on the cusp of sth. an der Schwelle zu etw. stehen
to bullyrag Treat (someone) in a scolding or intimidating way
piquant exciting and interesting


Abschnitt 15

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
spin something (as something) to present information or a situation in a particular way, especially one that makes you or your ideas seem good
diffident shy
sordid immoral or dishonest
belch the action of letting air come up noisily from your stomach and out through your mouth
to poach (somebody/something) (from somebody/something) to take and use somebody/something that belongs to somebody/something else, especially in a secret, dishonest or unfair way
transient temporary, continuing for only a short time
menial (usually disapproving) (of work) not skilled or important, and often boring or badly paid
to sulk (disapproving) to look angry and refuse to speak or smile because you want people to know that you are upset about something
to squirm to move around a lot making small twisting movements,_because you are nervous,_uncomfortable,_etc., to wriggle
to conflate (a with b) to put two or more things together to make one new thing
to covet something to want something very much, especially something that belongs to somebody else
to redact something to remove information from a document because you do not want the public to see it
to faff about/around to spend time doing things in a way that is not well organized and that does not achieve much
adoration a feeling of great love or worship
wreckage the parts of a vehicle, building, etc. that remain after it has been badly damaged or destroyed
whim a sudden wish to do or have something, especially when it is something unusual or unnecessary
intricacies of sth. the complicated parts or details of something
consternation dismay, a worried, sad feeling after you have received an unpleasant surprise
endearing lovable
dread fear, nervous
revulsion/repugnance a strong feeling of disgust or horror
dejection Unhappiness
leniency the fact of being less strict than expected when punishing somebody or when making sure that rules are obeyed
curator a person whose job is to be in charge of the objects or works of art in a museum or an art gallery,_etc.
dumbing down the process of making something less accurate or educational, and of worse quality, by trying to make it easier for people to understand


Abschnitt 16

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
to be dead set on auf etw. erpicht sein, felsenfest vorhaben
hefty (of a person or an object) big and heavy
fork out (informal) to spend a lot of money on something, especially unwillingly
that really gets my goat das regt mich auf
unwary not cautious
inveterate (of a person) always doing something or enjoying something, and unlikely to stop
discerning able to show good judgement about the quality of somebody/something
fatigued exhausted
intrepid fearless
uncongenial (of a person) not pleasant or friendly; not like yourself
enervate somebody to make somebody feel weak and tired
dreary dull
downcast/dejected sad or depressed
to rough sth. out to draw or write something without including all the details
kin your family or your relatives
ceasefire/truce a time when enemies agree to stop fighting, usually while a way is found to end the fighting permanently
busking the activity of performing music in a public place and asking for money from people passing by
subversive a person who tries to destroy or damage a government or political system by attacking it secretly or indirectly
inwardly in your mind; secretly
bulge out pop out
coiled aufgerollt
glisten to shine
unstinting given or giving generously
morass/web an unpleasant and complicated situation that is difficult to escape from
to endear sich beliebt machen


Abschnitt 17

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
cutlery knives, forks and spoons, used for eating and serving food
effeminacy the quality in a man or boy of looking, behaving or sounding like a woman or a girl
fastidious meticulous
permeate something a belief that permeates all levels of society
shrewd/astute clever at understanding and making judgements about a situation
regurgitate something to bring food that has been swallowed back up into the mouth again, to repeat something you have heard or read without really thinking about it or understanding it
solemn serious
put across vermitteln
impending imminent
to assert to state clearly and firmly that something is true
solicitor (British English) a lawyer who prepares legal documents, for example for the sale of land or buildings, advises people on legal matters, and can speak for them in some courts of law
sensuous giving pleasure to your senses
tender kind
luscious delicious, rich
pulpy soft and wet, especially as a result of being crushed, (of a book or magazine) containing subject matter of little value
wilting to become weak or tired or less confident
foliage the leaves of a tree or plant; leaves and branches together
fruition the successful result of a plan, a process or an activity
transgression an act that goes beyond the limits of what is morally or legally acceptable
prong each of the two or more long pointed parts of a fork
tier row or layer of something that has several rows or layers placed one above the other
spoon-fed disapproving) to teach people something in a way that gives them too much help and does not make them think for themselves
on knife-edge (of a situation,_etc.) finely balanced between success and failure, (of a person) very worried or anxious about the result of something
salver a large plate, usually made of metal, on which drinks or food are served at a formal event
pane a single sheet of glass in a window


Abschnitt 18

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
gust a sudden strong increase in the amount and speed of wind that is blowing
~ ~ A gust of wind blew his hat off.
speck a very small spot;_a small piece of dirt,_etc.
vivacious (especially of a woman) having a lively, attractive personality
complacency a feeling of satisfaction with yourself or with a situation, so that you do not think any change is necessary
unobtrusive, <-->_obtrusive not attracting unnecessary attention, <-->_noticeable in an unpleasant way
pervade/permeate (formal) to spread through and be noticeable in every part of something
~ ~ The entire house was pervaded by a sour smell.
trussed up tied up
ensue to happen after or as a result of another event, follow
lubricant a substance, for example oil, that you put on surfaces or parts of a machine so that they move easily and smoothly
assimilate to become, or allow somebody to become, a part of a country or community rather than remaining in a separate group
encapsulate sth. formal) to express the most important parts of something in a few words, a small space or a single object; to sum up
hinge a piece of metal, plastic, etc. on which a door, lid or gate moves freely as it opens or closes
innocuous harmless
net-effect nettoergebnis, endresultat
maelstrom (literary) a situation full of strong emotions or confusing events, that is hard to control and makes you feel frightened
swirl to move around quickly in a circle; to make something do this
shell out to pay a lot of money for something
to pester/badger to annoy somebody, especially by asking them something many times
teem pour (rain)
to wade to walk with an effort through something, especially water or mud
to unearth sth. to dig up
to embellish sth. decorate
uncharted that has not been visited or investigated before; not familiar
awe-inspiring impressive; making you feel respect and admiration
indistinct vague, hazy


Abschnitt 19

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
dazzling blinding
gratuitous unnecessary
florid (usually disapproving) having too much decoration or detail
fatuous stupid
glaring (of something bad) very easily seen, blatant
inscrutable if a person or their expression is inscrutable, it is hard to know what they are thinking or feeling, because they do not show any emotion
amenity a feature that makes a place pleasant, comfortable or easy to live in
boarded up mit Brettern zugenagelt
commemorative intended to help people remember and respect an important person or event in the past
// to thwart frustrate
prevalent common, widespread
annexea a building that is added to, or is near, a larger one and that provides extra living or work space
latch on (informal) to understand an idea or what somebody is saying, to become attached to somebody/something, to join somebody and stay in their company, especially when they would prefer you not to be with them, to develop a strong interest in something
unctuous friendly or giving praise in a way that is not sincere and which is therefore unpleasant
incessant constant
to compartmentalise aufgliedern; unterteilen
audacity nerve
pell-mell (old-fashioned) very quickly and in a way that is not controlled
opacity the fact of being difficult to understand; the fact of being opaque, opposite transparency
~ ~ the opacity of the poet’s language
propensity inclination
to declutter to remove things that you do not use so that you have more space and can easily find things when you need them
endowment a quality or an ability that you are born with
to enmesh {[usually passive]} enmesh somebody/something (in something) (formal) to involve somebody/something in a bad situation that it is not easy to escape from
to reiterate to repeat something that you have already said, especially to emphasize it
~ ~ The government has reiterated its commitment to economic reform.
to ostracise sb. to shun sb., to refuse to let somebody be a member of a social group; to refuse to meet or talk to somebody


Abschnitt 20

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
vacuous showing no sign of intelligence or sensitive feelings
petulant bad-tempered and unreasonable, especially because you cannot do or have what you want
high and dry of a boat, etc.) in a position out of the water
touch-and-go used to say that the result of a situation is uncertain and that there is a possibility that something bad or unpleasant will happen
~ ~ She's fine now, but it was touch-and-go for a while (= there was a possibility that she might die).
the life and soul of the party,_etc. (British English) the most amusing and interesting person at a party, etc
to make all the right noises to say the things you are expected to say, sometimes when you do not mean them
to take issue To take an opposing point of view;_disagree.
strike gold, strike a chord to become rich, to cause someone to remember something;_to remind someone of something;_to be familiar.
have something burning a hole in your pocket if someone has money burning a hole in their pocket, they want to spend it as soon as possible
burn the midnight oil to stay up working, especially studying, late at night. (Alludes to working by the light of an oil lamp late in the night)
get your fingers burned/burnt have st. go wrong
fiddling while Rome b urns focusing on sth. trivial during a crisis
have money to burn have lots of money
burn your bridges take action which you cannot reverse
face the music To accept the unpleasant consequences,_especially of one's own actions.
toe the line do what is expected
deliver the goods, come up with the goods to do what you have promised to do or what people expect or want you to
come in for something to receive something, especially something unpleasant
~ ~ The government's economic policies have come in for a lot of criticism.
a turn-up for the boooks i never thought that..
turn of phrase a distinctive spoken or written expression
toss and turn to be unable to sleep because of worrying
cataract a large steep waterfall
ubiquitous seeming to be everywhere or in several places at the same time; very common
upshot outcome
to winkle out sth to get something/somebody out of a place or position, especially when this is not easy to do


Abschnitt 21

tough Deutsch tough: Satz Deutsch: Satz Zusatz
to veer to swerve
conifer any tree that produces hard dry fruit called cones. Most conifers are evergreen (= have leaves that stay on the tree all year).
curb something to check sth
a foregone conclusion if you say that something is a foregone conclusion, you mean that it is a result that is certain to happen
contravene infringe
rickety not strong or well made; likely to break
to scurry/scottle to run with quick short steps
opinionated having very strong opinions that you are not willing to change
to splash out British English, informal) to spend a lot of money on something
predator predation; prey; to prey on; predatory
the changing number of births, deaths, diseases, etc. in a community over a period of time; the scientific study of these changes demographic; demography
involving the use of natural products and energy in a way that does not harm the environment sustainability; sustain; sustainable
to make a wild animal used to living with or working for humans domesticate; domestic
any tree that produces hard dry fruit called cones. Most conifers are evergreen (= have leaves that stay on the tree all year). conifer; coniferous
variety diversity; diversification; diversify; diverse
to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complicated form; to develop something in this way evolution; evolve; evolutionary
unavoidable inevitability; inevitable
the most important part of a plan or argument that the other parts depend on keystone; staple
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