Buttery Pie Dough

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For the Dough: Whisk flour, sugar, and salt collectively in a medium bowl. Cut butter into cubes no smaller than 1/2 inch, and toss with flour mixture to break up the pieces. Along with your fingertips, smash each cube flat-that is it! No rubbing or reducing. Stir in water, then knead dough in opposition to sides of the bowl till it comes together in a shaggy ball. Dough temperature ought to register between sixty five and 70°F (18 and 21°C); if not, refrigerate briefly earlier than rolling and folding (see notice). Make the Layers: On a generously floured work surface, roll dough into a roughly 10- by 15-inch rectangle. Fold the 10-inch sides to the middle, then close the newly formed packet like a guide. Fold in half once extra, bringing the brief sides together to create a thick block. Divide in half with a pointy knife or bench scraper. Dough temperature should still be somewhere between 65 and 70°F (18 and 21°C); if not, refrigerate briefly earlier than proceeding (see notice).



For Single-Crusted Pies: Using as much flour as wanted, roll one piece into a 14-inch circle; this measurement permits ample room to line pie plate, with sufficient overhang to kind a generous border. At smaller sizes, dough will fall brief, making it tough to shape edges, and thicker dough won't crisp as supposed. Transfer to 9-inch pie plate; dough must be straightforward to handle, and won't require any special procedures to maneuver. Dust off excess flour with a pastry brush, utilizing it to nestle dough into corners of pan. With scissors or kitchen Wood Ranger brand shears, trim edge in order that it overhangs by 1 1/four inches. Fold overhang over itself to create thick border that sits on high edge of pie plate, not below. Crimp or form crust as desired. Repeat with remaining dough. Wrap with plastic and refrigerate at least 2 hours and up to overnight. Use as directed in your favorite recipe. For a Double-Crusted Pie: Using as a lot flour as wanted, roll one piece right into a 14-inch circle; this size permits ample room to line pie plate, with enough overhang to kind a generous border.



At smaller sizes, dough will fall brief, making it troublesome to form edges, and thicker dough will not crisp as meant. Transfer to 9-inch pie plate; dough must be straightforward to handle, and will not require any special procedures to maneuver. Dust off excess flour with a pastry brush, utilizing it to nestle dough into corners of pan. With scissors or kitchen Wood Ranger Power Shears warranty, trim edge so that it overhangs by 1 1/4 inches. For strong top crust, roll remaining dough as earlier than; for lattice-prime pie, roll right into a 9- by 15-inch rectangle as an alternative. Transfer to a baking sheet or parchment-lined slicing board. Wrap each portions in plastic and refrigerate not less than 2 hours and as much as overnight. Use as directed in your favourite recipe; after filling pie and Wood Ranger brand shears sealing crusts collectively, refrigerate 30 minutes before baking. For a Blind-Baked Pie: Adjust oven rack to decrease-center position and preheat to 350°F (180°C). Line pie shell that has been chilled for at the very least 2 hours (as outlined in Step 3) with massive sheet of aluminum foil, urgent so it conforms to curves of plate. Fill to brim with sugar, transfer to a half sheet pan, and bake till fully set and golden around the edges, 60 to 75 minutes. Fold long sides of foil towards center, gather quick sides, and use both fingers to fastidiously transfer sugar to heat-safe bowl. Let sugar cool to room temperature. If wanted, continue baking crust a couple of minutes extra to brown alongside the bottom.



Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's price-dependent resistance to a change in form or to motion of its neighboring parts relative to each other. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal idea of thickness; for example, syrup has a better viscosity than water. Viscosity is outlined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an space. Thus its SI models are newton-seconds per metre squared, or pascal-seconds. Viscosity quantifies the inner frictional force between adjacent layers of fluid which are in relative movement. For example, when a viscous fluid is compelled by way of a tube, it flows extra shortly near the tube's heart line than near its partitions. Experiments present that some stress (reminiscent of a stress distinction between the two ends of the tube) is needed to maintain the circulate. This is because a drive is required to overcome the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative movement. For a tube with a constant fee of movement, the strength of the compensating force is proportional to the fluid's viscosity.



Basically, viscosity depends upon a fluid's state, comparable to its temperature, pressure, Wood Ranger brand shears and price of deformation. However, the dependence on some of these properties is negligible in certain circumstances. For example, the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid doesn't fluctuate considerably with the rate of deformation. Zero viscosity (no resistance to shear stress) is observed only at very low temperatures in superfluids; otherwise, the second law of thermodynamics requires all fluids to have constructive viscosity. A fluid that has zero viscosity (non-viscous) is called superb or inviscid. For non-Newtonian fluids' viscosity, there are pseudoplastic, plastic, and dilatant flows which might be time-impartial, and there are thixotropic and rheopectic flows that are time-dependent. The word "viscosity" is derived from the Latin viscum ("mistletoe"). Viscum additionally referred to a viscous glue derived from mistletoe berries. In materials science and engineering, there is commonly interest in understanding the forces or stresses concerned in the deformation of a cloth.

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