The DECADE Cosmic Shear Project III: Validation Of Analysis Pipeline Utilizing Spatially Inhomogeneous Data

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We present the pipeline for the cosmic shear analysis of the Dark Energy Camera All Data Everywhere (DECADE) weak lensing dataset: a catalog consisting of 107 million galaxies observed by the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) in the northern Galactic cap. The catalog derives from a large number of disparate observing applications and pruning shears is subsequently extra inhomogeneous throughout the sky compared to existing lensing surveys. First, we use simulated data-vectors to indicate the sensitivity of our constraints to completely different evaluation choices in our inference pipeline, including sensitivity to residual systematics. Next we use simulations to validate our covariance modeling Wood Ranger Power Shears for sale inhomogeneous datasets. This is finished for forty-six subsets of the info and is carried out in a fully consistent manner: for each subset of the info, we re-derive the photometric redshift estimates, pruning shears shear calibrations, survey switch capabilities, pruning shears the info vector, Wood Ranger Tools measurement covariance, and at last, Wood Ranger Power Shears reviews the cosmological constraints. Our results present that existing evaluation methods for pruning shears weak lensing cosmology might be fairly resilient towards inhomogeneous datasets.



This also motivates exploring a wider vary of image knowledge for pursuing such cosmological constraints. Over the previous two decades, pruning shears weak gravitational lensing (additionally referred to as weak lensing or cosmic shear) has emerged as a leading probe in constraining the cosmological parameters of our Universe (Asgari & Lin et al., 2021; Secco & Samuroff & Samuroff et al., 2022; Amon & Gruen et al., 2022; Dalal & Li et al., 2023). Weak lensing refers to the refined bending of light from distant "source galaxies" as a consequence of the large-scale matter distribution between the supply and the observer (Bartelmann & Schneider 2001). Thus, weak lensing, through its sensitivity to the matter distribution, probes the big-scale construction (LSS) of our Universe and any processes that impression this structure; including cosmological processes akin to modified gravity (e.g., Schmidt 2008) and primordial signatures (e.g., Anbajagane et al. 2024c; Goldstein et al. 2024), as well as a large variety of astrophysical processes (e.g., Chisari et al.



2018; Schneider et al. 2019; Aricò et al. 2021; Grandis et al. 2024; Bigwood et al. 2024). Weak lensing has many novel advantages in the landscape of cosmological probes, the primary of which is that it's an unbiased tracer of the density subject - in contrast to different tracers, similar to galaxies - and does not require modeling or marginalizing over an associated bias parameter (Bartelmann & Schneider 2001). For these causes, it is without doubt one of the leading probes of cosmology and has delivered a few of our best constraints on cosmological parameters. This paper is part of a sequence of works detailing the DECADE cosmic shear analysis. Anbajagane & Chang et al. 2025a (hereafter Paper I) describes the shape measurement method, pruning shears the derivation of the final cosmology pattern, the robustness checks, and also the picture simulation pipeline from which we quantify the shear calibration uncertainty of this sample. Anbajagane et al. (2025b, hereafter Paper II) derives each the tomographic bins and calibrated redshift distributions for our cosmology pattern, together with a series of validation exams.



This work (Paper III) describes the methodology and validation of the model, along with a collection of survey inhomogeneity checks. Finally Anbajagane & Chang et al. 2025c (hereafter Paper IV) exhibits our cosmic shear measurements and presents the corresponding constraints on cosmological fashions. This work serves three, key functions. First, rechargeable garden shears to element the modeling/methodology selections of the cosmic shear evaluation, and the robustness of our results to mentioned choices. Second, to build on the null-assessments of Paper I and present that our information vector (and Wood Ranger Power Shears manual cosmology) should not vulnerable to contamination from systematic results, similar to correlated errors in the purpose-unfold function (PSF) modeling. Finally, we take a look at the impact of spatial inhomogeneity in all the finish-to-end pipeline used to extract the cosmology constraints. As highlighted in both Paper I and Paper II, the DECADE dataset contains some distinctive characteristics relative to other WL datasets; significantly, the spatial inhomogeneity in the picture data coming from this dataset’s origin as an amalgamation of many alternative public observing applications.



We carry out a set of assessments where we rerun the tip-to-end pipeline for different subsets of our knowledge - where every subset incorporates particular kinds of galaxies (red/blue, faint/vivid and many others.) or contains objects measured in areas of the sky with higher/worse picture high quality (adjustments in seeing, airmass, interstellar extinction and so forth.) - and show that our cosmology constraints are sturdy across such subsets. This paper is structured as follows. In Section 2, we briefly describe the DECADE form catalog, and in Section 3, we current the cosmology model used within the DECADE cosmic shear venture. In Section 4, we outline the different components required for parameter inference, together with our analytic covariance matrix. In Section 5, we examine the robustness of our constraints across modeling selection in simulated knowledge vectors. Section 6 details our tests on the sensitivity of our parameter constraints to spatial inhomoegenity and to different selections of the source galaxy catalog. The catalog is launched in Paper I, alongside a set of null-checks and shear calibrations made using picture simulations of the survey data.

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