Central African Shear Zone
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| − | <br>The Central African Shear Zone (CASZ) (or Shear System) is a wrench fault system extending in an ENE direction from the Gulf of Guinea | + | <br>The Central African Shear Zone (CASZ) (or Shear System) is a wrench fault system extending in an ENE direction from the Gulf of Guinea via Cameroon into Sudan. The construction is not well understood. The shear zone dates to a minimum of 640 Ma (million years in the past). Motion occurred alongside the zone through the break-up of Gondwanaland [https://www.wakewiki.de/index.php?title=How_You_Can_Sharpen_Kitchen_Shears_5_Easy_Methods professional landscaping shears] within the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Some of the faults in the zone were rejuvenated more than as soon as earlier than and in the course of the opening of the South Atlantic in the Cretaceous period. It has been proposed that the Pernambuco fault in Brazil is a continuation of the shear zone to the west. In Cameroon, the CASZ cuts throughout the Adamawa uplift, a put up-Cretaeous formation. The Benue Trough lies to the north, and the Foumban Shear Zone to the south. Volcanic exercise has occurred alongside a lot of the size of the Cameroon line from 130 Ma to the present, and may be associated to re-activation of the CASZ.<br><br><br><br>The lithosphere beneath the CASZ on this area is thinned in a relatively slim belt, with the asthenosphere upwelling from a depth of about 190 km to about a hundred and twenty km. The Mesozoic and Tertiary movements have produced elongated rift basins in central Cameroon, northern Central African Republic and southern Chad. The CASZ was formerly thought to increase eastward only to the Darfur region of western Sudan. It's now interpreted to extend into central and japanese Sudan, with a complete length of 4,000 km. Within the Sudan, the shear zone may have acted as a structural barrier to improvement of deep Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary basins within the north of the realm. Objections to this idea are that the Bahr el Arab and Blue Nile rifts extend northwest past one proposed line for the shear zone. However, the alignment of the northwestern ends of the rifts in this areas helps the theory. Ibrahim, Ebinger & Fairhead 1996, pp.<br><br><br><br>Dorbath et al. 1986, pp. Schlüter & Trauth 2008, pp. Foulger & Jurdy 2007, pp. Plomerova et al. 1993, [https://lunarishollows.wiki/index.php?title=User:MarcMoller0813 professional landscaping shears] pp. Bowen & Jux 1987, pp. Bowen, Robert; Jux, Ulrich (1987). Afro-Arabian geology: a kinematic view. Dorbath, C.; Dorbath, L.; Fairhead, J. D.; Stuart, G. W. (1986). "A teleseismic delay time study across the Central African Shear Zone within the Adamawa area of Cameroon, West Africa". Foulger, Gillian R.; Jurdy, Donna M. (2007). Plates, plumes, and [https://rentry.co/29348-when-you-suspect-a-freon-problem Wood Ranger Power Shears website] [https://brogue.wiki/mw/index.php?title=Our_Picks_For_The_Very_Best_Pruning_Shears_For_Gardening_For_2025 Wood Ranger Power Shears price] Power Shears manual planetary processes. Geological Society of America. Ibrahim, A. E.; Ebinger, C. J.; Fairhead, J. D. (20 April 1996). "Lithospheric extension northwest of the Central African Shear Zone in Sudan from potential discipline studies". Pankhurst, [https://gummipuppen-wiki.de/index.php?title=Benutzer:JuliusPak557552 Wood Ranger Power Shears USA] [https://dev.neos.epss.ucla.edu/wiki/index.php?title=Why_It_s_Best_To_Personal_A_Pair_Of_Fine_Kitchen_Shears Wood Ranger Power Shears manual] [https://wiki.dulovic.tech/index.php/Since_We_Use_Non-linear_Artificial_Diffusion garden power shears] Shears Robert J. (2008). West Gondwana: pre-Cenozoic correlations across the South Atlantic Region. Plomerova, J; Babuska, V; Dorbath, C.; Dorbath, L.; Lillie, R. J. (1993). "Deep lithospheric structure throughout the Central African Shear Zone in Cameroon". Geophysical Journal International. A hundred and fifteen (2): 381-390. Bibcode:1993GeoJI.115..381P. Selley, [https://rentry.co/50226-answers-about-flower-gardening professional landscaping shears] Richard C. (1997). African basins. Schlüter, Thomas; Trauth, Martin H. (2008). Geological atlas of Africa: with notes on stratigraphy, tectonics, financial geology, geohazards, [https://healthwiz.co.uk/index.php?title=Now_Alligator_Shears_Are_Hydraulically_Actuated professional landscaping shears] geosites and geoscientific education of each nation. シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社.<br><br><br><br>Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's charge-dependent resistance to a change in form or to movement of its neighboring parts relative to each other. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness; for instance, syrup has a better viscosity than water. Viscosity is outlined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area. Thus its SI items are newton-seconds per metre squared, or pascal-seconds. Viscosity quantifies the internal frictional power between adjoining layers of fluid which might be in relative movement. As an illustration, when a viscous fluid is pressured through a tube, it flows extra shortly close to the tube's center line than near its partitions. Experiments present that some stress (similar to a stress distinction between the two ends of the tube) is needed to maintain the circulate. It is because a power is required to beat the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative motion. For a tube with a relentless rate of movement, the power of the compensating drive is proportional to the fluid's viscosity.<br><br><br><br>In general, viscosity depends on a fluid's state, akin to its temperature, stress, and price of deformation. However, the dependence on a few of these properties is negligible in certain cases. For instance, the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid doesn't vary considerably with the rate of deformation. Zero viscosity (no resistance to shear stress) is observed solely at very low temperatures in superfluids; in any other case, the second regulation of thermodynamics requires all fluids to have positive viscosity. A fluid that has zero viscosity (non-viscous) is called splendid or [http://43.136.48.165:3003/rhystravis1111/7732961/wiki/Following+the+Skirting+of+the+Fleece professional landscaping shears] inviscid. For non-Newtonian fluids' viscosity, there are pseudoplastic, plastic, and dilatant flows which are time-unbiased, and there are thixotropic and [https://www.wakewiki.de/index.php?title=Benutzer:DamienCarls0 professional landscaping shears] rheopectic flows which might be time-dependent. The phrase "viscosity" is derived from the Latin viscum ("mistletoe"). Viscum also referred to a viscous glue derived from mistletoe berries. In materials science and engineering, there is commonly interest in understanding the forces or stresses involved in the deformation of a fabric.<br> |
Version vom 2. September 2025, 12:13 Uhr
The Central African Shear Zone (CASZ) (or Shear System) is a wrench fault system extending in an ENE direction from the Gulf of Guinea via Cameroon into Sudan. The construction is not well understood. The shear zone dates to a minimum of 640 Ma (million years in the past). Motion occurred alongside the zone through the break-up of Gondwanaland professional landscaping shears within the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Some of the faults in the zone were rejuvenated more than as soon as earlier than and in the course of the opening of the South Atlantic in the Cretaceous period. It has been proposed that the Pernambuco fault in Brazil is a continuation of the shear zone to the west. In Cameroon, the CASZ cuts throughout the Adamawa uplift, a put up-Cretaeous formation. The Benue Trough lies to the north, and the Foumban Shear Zone to the south. Volcanic exercise has occurred alongside a lot of the size of the Cameroon line from 130 Ma to the present, and may be associated to re-activation of the CASZ.
The lithosphere beneath the CASZ on this area is thinned in a relatively slim belt, with the asthenosphere upwelling from a depth of about 190 km to about a hundred and twenty km. The Mesozoic and Tertiary movements have produced elongated rift basins in central Cameroon, northern Central African Republic and southern Chad. The CASZ was formerly thought to increase eastward only to the Darfur region of western Sudan. It's now interpreted to extend into central and japanese Sudan, with a complete length of 4,000 km. Within the Sudan, the shear zone may have acted as a structural barrier to improvement of deep Cretaceous-Tertiary sedimentary basins within the north of the realm. Objections to this idea are that the Bahr el Arab and Blue Nile rifts extend northwest past one proposed line for the shear zone. However, the alignment of the northwestern ends of the rifts in this areas helps the theory. Ibrahim, Ebinger & Fairhead 1996, pp.
Dorbath et al. 1986, pp. Schlüter & Trauth 2008, pp. Foulger & Jurdy 2007, pp. Plomerova et al. 1993, professional landscaping shears pp. Bowen & Jux 1987, pp. Bowen, Robert; Jux, Ulrich (1987). Afro-Arabian geology: a kinematic view. Dorbath, C.; Dorbath, L.; Fairhead, J. D.; Stuart, G. W. (1986). "A teleseismic delay time study across the Central African Shear Zone within the Adamawa area of Cameroon, West Africa". Foulger, Gillian R.; Jurdy, Donna M. (2007). Plates, plumes, and Wood Ranger Power Shears website Wood Ranger Power Shears price Power Shears manual planetary processes. Geological Society of America. Ibrahim, A. E.; Ebinger, C. J.; Fairhead, J. D. (20 April 1996). "Lithospheric extension northwest of the Central African Shear Zone in Sudan from potential discipline studies". Pankhurst, Wood Ranger Power Shears USA Wood Ranger Power Shears manual garden power shears Shears Robert J. (2008). West Gondwana: pre-Cenozoic correlations across the South Atlantic Region. Plomerova, J; Babuska, V; Dorbath, C.; Dorbath, L.; Lillie, R. J. (1993). "Deep lithospheric structure throughout the Central African Shear Zone in Cameroon". Geophysical Journal International. A hundred and fifteen (2): 381-390. Bibcode:1993GeoJI.115..381P. Selley, professional landscaping shears Richard C. (1997). African basins. Schlüter, Thomas; Trauth, Martin H. (2008). Geological atlas of Africa: with notes on stratigraphy, tectonics, financial geology, geohazards, professional landscaping shears geosites and geoscientific education of each nation. シュプリンガー・ジャパン株式会社.
Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's charge-dependent resistance to a change in form or to movement of its neighboring parts relative to each other. For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness; for instance, syrup has a better viscosity than water. Viscosity is outlined scientifically as a force multiplied by a time divided by an area. Thus its SI items are newton-seconds per metre squared, or pascal-seconds. Viscosity quantifies the internal frictional power between adjoining layers of fluid which might be in relative movement. As an illustration, when a viscous fluid is pressured through a tube, it flows extra shortly close to the tube's center line than near its partitions. Experiments present that some stress (similar to a stress distinction between the two ends of the tube) is needed to maintain the circulate. It is because a power is required to beat the friction between the layers of the fluid which are in relative motion. For a tube with a relentless rate of movement, the power of the compensating drive is proportional to the fluid's viscosity.
In general, viscosity depends on a fluid's state, akin to its temperature, stress, and price of deformation. However, the dependence on a few of these properties is negligible in certain cases. For instance, the viscosity of a Newtonian fluid doesn't vary considerably with the rate of deformation. Zero viscosity (no resistance to shear stress) is observed solely at very low temperatures in superfluids; in any other case, the second regulation of thermodynamics requires all fluids to have positive viscosity. A fluid that has zero viscosity (non-viscous) is called splendid or professional landscaping shears inviscid. For non-Newtonian fluids' viscosity, there are pseudoplastic, plastic, and dilatant flows which are time-unbiased, and there are thixotropic and professional landscaping shears rheopectic flows which might be time-dependent. The phrase "viscosity" is derived from the Latin viscum ("mistletoe"). Viscum also referred to a viscous glue derived from mistletoe berries. In materials science and engineering, there is commonly interest in understanding the forces or stresses involved in the deformation of a fabric.